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Process Safety · QRA Services

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Services

Data-driven, probabilistic risk analysis for oil & gas, chemical, and energy industries. We quantify hazards, calculate individual and societal risk, and deliver actionable insights for safety and regulatory compliance.

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Definition

What is Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)?

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) — also referred to as Quantitative Risk Analysis — is a systematic, data-driven methodology used to numerically estimate the probability and consequences of hazardous events at industrial facilities. Unlike qualitative methods that assign descriptive ratings, QRA expresses risk in measurable numerical terms.

QRA employs probabilistic models, consequence modeling software (such as PHAST and SAFETI), fault trees, and event trees to calculate the full risk profile of a facility. The outputs — including Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA), Potential Loss of Life (PLL), and F-N curves — are used to demonstrate compliance with regulatory risk tolerability criteria and to prioritize risk reduction measures.

Wire Consultancy’s Quantitative Risk Assessment services are deployed across upstream and downstream oil & gas, petrochemicals, refineries, LNG terminals, pipelines, and major hazard installations throughout India, the Middle East, and the USA.

When is a QRA Required?

New facility siting, land use planning, and layout approval
Regulatory submissions to OISD, DGMS, PESO, or environmental authorities
Modification or expansion of existing major hazard installations
Insurance underwriting and risk financing assessments
Pre-incident consequence analysis and mitigation validation

QRA in Plain Terms

Quantitative Risk Assessment answers three fundamental safety questions every facility must address:

① What can go wrong?

Hazard identification through HAZID, HAZOP, and failure history data.

② How likely is it?

Frequency estimation using fault trees, event trees, and generic failure rate databases.

③ What are the consequences?

Consequence modeling for fires, explosions, and toxic dispersions using PHAST/SAFETI.

Result: A numerical risk profile (IRPA, PLL, F-N curves, risk contours) used to demonstrate compliance and guide safety investment decisions.

Comparison

Quantitative Risk Assessment vs. Qualitative Risk Assessment

QRA

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Expresses risk as numerical Frequency (e.g., 1×10⁻⁵ per year)
Uses consequence modeling software (PHAST, SAFETI, DNV PHAST)
Produces IRPA, PLL, F-N curves, and risk contour maps
Suitable for complex multi-hazard, multi-scenario facilities
Required by regulators for major hazard installations
Enables precise comparison of risk reduction options
Defensible in court, insurance, and regulatory hearings

QLA

Qualitative Risk Assessment

Uses descriptive Risk Matrix: High / Medium / Low
Risk matrix-based ranking without precise probabilities
Faster and lower cost for simpler facilities
Adequate for low-complexity, low-hazard sites
Not accepted for regulatory compliance at major hazard sites
Limited ability to compare risk reduction options
Results can be subjective and difficult to audit

Methodology Selection Guide

The table below summarizes which QRA techniques Wire Consultancy applies at each stage of your risk study.

QRA Technique	Purpose	Stage	Applicability
HAZID / HAZOP	Hazard identification & scenario definition	Initiation	Optional
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)	Event frequency estimation	Frequency	Optional
Event Tree Analysis (ETA)	Consequence pathway modeling	Consequence	Optional
Consequence Modeling (PHAST)	Fire, explosion & toxic dispersion	Consequence	Required
Bow-Tie Analysis	Barrier effectiveness visualization	Mitigation	Optional
Monte Carlo Simulation	Probabilistic sensitivity analysis	Risk Calc.	Optional
LOPA (Layer of Protection)	SIL determination support	Mitigation	Optional

Methodology

The Quantitative Risk Assessment Process

Wire Consultancy follows a structured, internationally recognized QRA methodology aligned with CPQRA (AIChE), IEC 31010, and UK HSE risk guidance documents.

01 Hazard Identification

Systematic identification of all credible hazard scenarios using HAZID, HAZOP, What-If analysis, and review of historical incident data from MHIDAS and similar databases.

02 Frequency Analysis

Estimation of event frequencies using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Event Tree Analysis (ETA), and generic failure rate data from OREDA, CCPS, and HSE databases. Results expressed in events per year.

03 Consequence Modeling

Quantification of physical effects from fires (pool, jet, flash fires), explosions (VCE, BLEVE), and toxic gas dispersions using PHAST or SAFETI software with site-specific meteorological data.

04 Risk Estimation

Combination of frequency and consequence data to calculate Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA), Potential Loss of Life (PLL), risk contour maps, and F-N (societal risk) curves.

05 Risk Evaluation & Tolerability

Comparison of calculated risk against established tolerability criteria (e.g., UK HSE ALARP, Dutch RIVM, OISD standards). Identification of intolerable risks requiring immediate action.

06 Risk Reduction & Reporting

Development of ALARP-justified risk reduction recommendations, barrier analysis, and preparation of the final QRA report.

Risk Metrics

Key Risk Metrics Produced in a QRA Study

Every Quantitative Risk Assessment from Wire Consultancy produces these internationally recognized risk metrics used by regulators, insurers, and planning authorities.

IRPA

Individual Risk Per Annum

Probability that a specific individual at a given location will suffer fatality from facility hazards in one year. Typically expressed as 1×10⁻⁵ to 1×10⁻⁶ per year.

PLL

Potential Loss of Life

Expected number of fatalities per year across the entire exposed population, integrating individual risk over all people at risk.

F-N

Frequency-Number Curves

Societal risk curves plotting cumulative frequency of accidents causing N or more fatalities. Compared against ALARP region boundaries set by regulators.

IRC

Individual Risk Contours

Geographical maps showing iso-risk contour lines (e.g., 1×10⁻⁵/yr, 1×10⁻⁶/yr) around a facility. Used for land use planning and emergency planning zone determination.

Industries Served

Industries & Applications of Quantitative Risk Analysis

Quantitative Risk Analysis is mandated or strongly recommended across industries handling hazardous materials, energy, or large populations. Wire Consultancy has delivered QRA studies across all of the following sectors.

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Outputs

QRA Study Deliverables

Every Quantitative Risk Assessment delivered by Wire Consultancy includes the following documented outputs, ready for regulatory submission and internal safety governance.

Why Wire Consultancy

Why Choose Wire Consultancy for Quantitative Risk Assessment?

Our QRA engineers hold qualifications in process safety and have delivered over 500 risk assessments across oil & gas, chemicals, power, and infrastructure sectors in India, the Middle East, and internationally.

We use industry-standard PHAST and SAFETI (DNV) software for consequence modeling and risk calculations, ensuring our QRA outputs meet the highest technical standards accepted by regulators worldwide.

Our QRA studies are structured for submission to OISD, PESO, DGMS, MoEF&CC, CPCB, and equivalent authorities in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Oman — ensuring approval-ready documentation.

Wire Consultancy integrates QRA with HAZOP, Bow-Tie analysis, SIL studies, and ERDMP preparation — providing a complete process safety solution rather than standalone deliverables.

We manage QRA projects using a structured project management framework with defined milestones, peer review checkpoints, and client review cycles to ensure delivery within agreed timelines.

With active operations in India, the Middle East, and the USA, Wire Consultancy brings knowledge of local regulatory requirements in each geography, reducing compliance risk for multinational clients.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions about Quantitative Risk Assessment

What is Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) in simple terms?

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is a scientific method for calculating “how dangerous is this facility?” using numbers rather than words. It estimates the probability that a hazardous event (like a gas leak or explosion) will occur, how severe the consequences would be, and expresses the combined risk as a number — for example, an individual fatality risk of 1 in 100,000 per year. These numbers are then compared against safety tolerability thresholds set by regulators to determine whether additional risk reduction is needed.

What is the difference between quantitative risk assessment and quantitative risk analysis?

The two terms are often used interchangeably in practice. “Quantitative Risk Analysis” typically refers to the analytical process of numerically calculating frequencies and consequences, while “Quantitative Risk Assessment” encompasses the broader process including hazard identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation against tolerability criteria, and recommendations for risk reduction. In most regulatory and industry contexts, QRA refers to the complete study from hazard identification through final risk evaluation and reporting.

Which industries require a QRA study in India?

In India, Quantitative Risk Assessment is mandated or strongly recommended by OISD, DGMS, PESO, and the MoEF&CC for industries classified as Major Accident Hazard (MAH) installations under the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules (MSIHC Rules), 1989. This typically includes petroleum refineries, petrochemical complexes, LPG storage facilities, chemical manufacturers, fertilizer plants, and gas processing facilities exceeding threshold inventory quantities.

What software is used for Quantitative Risk Analysis?

Wire Consultancy uses industry-leading PHAST (Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool) and SAFETI by DNV
for consequence modeling and risk calculations. These tools are globally accepted by regulators and are
used to model flammable and toxic gas dispersions, fire thermal radiation, explosion overpressure, and
to calculate individual and societal risk metrics. Other tools may include ALOHA (US EPA), Risk-Curve,
and custom fault tree analysis software depending on project requirements.

How much does a Quantitative Risk Assessment cost?

The cost of a Quantitative Risk Assessment depends on facility type, size, number of hazard scenarios, data availability, and regulatory submission requirements. Wire Consultancy provides customized proposals after a brief scoping discussion. Contact us at [email protected] or +91-9810827158 for a tailored QRA cost estimate for your facility.

How long does a QRA study take?

A typical QRA study for a medium-complexity oil & gas or chemical facility takes between 4 to 12 weeks from data collection to final report submission. The timeline depends on facility complexity, data quality provided by the client, number of scenarios, and the need for regulatory pre-submission review meetings. Wire Consultancy provides a project schedule at proposal stage based on your specific facility and timeline requirements.

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